NetworkTigers outlines the various ways hackers hack computer networks.
Hacking is gaining unauthorized access to a computer system or network. Hackers can use this access to steal data, install malware, or disrupt operations. Hackers don’t always need much to gain access. Some common hacking methods include:
- Social engineering is when users are deceived and manipulated into giving up their personal information or clicking on malicious links. Their information can then be used for fraudulent purposes.
- Phishing is sending emails or text messages that appear to be from legitimate sources, such as banks or credit card companies. Recipients are tricked into revealing personal information such as passwords or credit card numbers.
- Malware is software designed to steal data, disrupt operations, damage, install other malware, or gain unauthorized access to computers and networks. The malicious software is often delivered via a phishing email or malicious website.
- Zero-day attacks exploit vulnerabilities in software before developers can find a fix. Software vendors are sometimes unaware of the vulnerability until there is an attack. Zero-day attacks may be difficult to defend against because no patch or no immediate way to fix the vulnerability.
What can hackers do?
Hackers can take various actions after accessing a computer system or network.
- Steal data: Hackers can steal sensitive data, such as personal information, financial information, or trade secrets.
- Install malware: Hackers can install malware on a computer system, which can be used to steal data, install other malware, or disrupt operations.
- Disrupt operations: Hackers can disrupt operations by launching denial-of-service attacks or taking control of computer systems.
How hackers exploit vulnerabilities
Exploiting vulnerabilities merits additional explanation. Exploiting vulnerabilities refers to taking advantage of weaknesses in a computer system or network to gain unauthorized access or cause harm. Hackers often exploit vulnerabilities to steal data, install malware, or disrupt operations. Common vulnerabilities include:
- Software vulnerabilities are weaknesses in software. For example, a buffer overflow vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on a system.
- Hardware vulnerabilities are flaws in hardware. For example, a side-channel attack may allow an attacker to steal data from a system by monitoring its power consumption or electromagnetic emissions.
- Configuration vulnerabilities are deficiencies in how a system is configured. For example, using a default factory-set password vulnerability may allow an attacker to access a system.
Exploiting vulnerabilities can be complex and challenging but very rewarding for hackers. If an attacker is successful, they may gain access to sensitive data, install malware that causes significant damage, or even disrupt the operations of an entire organization. Here are some examples of how vulnerabilities have been exploited in the past:
- The WannaCry ransomware attack exploited a vulnerability in Microsoft Windows to encrypt files on millions of computers worldwide. The attackers demanded ransom payments from the victims to decrypt their files.
- The Heartbleed bug affected millions of websites and online services. A vulnerability in the OpenSSL cryptography library allowed the theft of sensitive data, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
- Stuxnet worm was a cyberweapon used to sabotage nuclear centrifuges in Iran. The worm exploited vulnerabilities in Siemens industrial control systems to spread itself and damage the centrifuges.
How to protect your business from hackers
Hacking can have a devastating impact on individuals, businesses, and governments. To protect your computer network from hacking, think like a hacker and imagine what might thwart them. Using strong passwords, being careful about the information shared online, and keeping networking equipment and software up to date is essential. Identify and fix vulnerabilities as quickly as possible.
